About a year and a half ago, I wrote an article on the way
Pope Francis was being translated. Again I find myself frustrated by the
English translation of a writing of Pope Francis. This time it’s his Apostolic
Exhortation Amoris Laetitia.
Since I read and understand English much better than Spanish,
I first read the document in English and then began comparing the passages I
liked in English with their Spanish parallels.
I found, in some cases, that the English translation is quite mundane when compared with the Spanish translation. In other
places, it seems to soften the edge of the Spanish and miss the poetry. If
anyone knows Italian, it would be useful to see how that language puts these
passages.
Here
are some passages I found most problematic.
Paragraph 183
reads:
"For their part, open and
caring families find a place for the poor and build friendships with those less
fortunate than themselves."
I was very taken
aback by the term “less fortunate” which is not found in the Spanish.
"En cambio, las familias abiertas
y solidarias hacen espacio a los pobres, son capaces de tejer una amistad con
quienes lo están pasando peor que ellas".
The Spanish is hard
to translate but here's my attempt:
"On the other hand,
families that are open and [live in] solidarity make a place for the poor, they
are able to weave a friendship with those who are passing worse than they
are."
Note that the
English version has families "finding" a place for the poor where the
Spanish has them "making" a space. The English also talks about
"building" friendships where the Spanish uses a different analogy -
"weaving".
But the one phrase
that really disturbs me is the use of the term "less fortunate." This
is a term that I really despise. For me this is a way to dismiss or put down
the poor, defining them as "less fortunate." In addition, poverty is
thus seen as the result of fortune (or fate).
But look at the
Spanish. It sees the situation of the person as "going through" a
worse situation; it does not define those experiencing poverty as
"poor" or "less fortunate."
Paragraph 219 in English reads:
"Young love needs to keep dancing
towards the future with immense hope."
I like this translation. The
English expresses the need for young lovers to keep dancing.
But the Spanish has a slightly
different meaning:
La danza hacia adelante con ese amor joven, la
danza con esos ojos asombrados hacia la esperanza, no debe detenerse.
This is not easy to translate but my literal translation
from the Spanish shows something more pointed:
"The dance towards the future with this
young love, the dance with astonished eyes toward hope, ought not to be held
back."
There is a sense that at times
this joyful and hopeful dancing encounters obstacles. These must be resisted.
In addition, the English misses
the poetry of “astonished eyes looking
forward to hope.”
Paragraph 240 opens with a
strong statement:
Many people
leave childhood without ever having felt unconditional love. This affects their
ability to be trusting and open with others.
But the Spanish is stronger.
Muchos
terminan su niñez sin haber sentido jamás que son amados incondicionalmente, y
eso lastima su capacidad de confiar y de entregarse.
I translate it this way:
Many end
their childhood without ever having felt that they are loved unconditionally; this
damages their ability to be trusting and giving of themselves.
“Entregar” does not mean being open; it means handing oneself over.
It is often used as a translation of the Latin “traditur” and in the Mass the
words of the consecration of the Host include the words “por vobis tradetur”in
Latin and “será entregado por ustedes”
in Spanish. It is translated in English as “will be given up for you.”
“Entregar” is a very strong
word in Spanish. To say that someone is “entregado” is to say that the person
is committed, has given his life for a cause. It is a far cry from being
“open.” I think that Pope Francis might be suggesting that the lack of experiencing unconditional love as a child may diminish the capacity to commit oneself in marriage.
Obcuring the point
Chapter four has a beautiful
meditation on St. Paul’s reflection on love in 1 Corinthians 13 as well as some fine pastoral notes on marriage. But in several
places the chapter headings are misleading.
Paragraph 101 begins the
reflection on 1 Corinthians 13, 4, “it does not seek its own interests.”
The English translation entitles the section “Love is
generous.” But the Spanish uses a stronger term: “desprendimiento”. This is a difficult word to translate but it can
be translated as “detachment.” Interesting the Italian title is “Distacco generoso” which
I think can be translated as “generous detachment.” Narrowing the title to
generosity seems to miss the importance of putting the other first.
The section beginning with
paragraph 123 is entitled “Lifelong sharing,” which expresses an important part
of what marriage is called to be.
But the Spanish title is “Toda la vida, todo en común”, literally
“All the life, everything in common.” The Italian reads, “Tutta la vita, tutto in commune” which seems to be the same as the
Spanish.
Both the Spanish and Italian
translations play on the word “all” – “todo”, “tutto” – which is hard to do in
English. But the sense is more than sharing and recalls the passages in the
Acts of the Apostles 4: 32, where the followers of Christ are described as holding “everything in
common.”
I have not had time to check
other parts of this important document on the family, but I hope in the future
that the translators are a little more accurate, open to the nuances of Spanish and Italian.
